Ankesh Kumar Maurya

Ankesh Kumar Maurya

Leadership Style

The behaviour exhibited by a leader during supervision is known as leadership style. There are three types of leadership style.

1. Autocratic Style - It is also known as authoritarian style of leadership. In this style, the entire authority is concentrated in the hands of the leader and he decides all policies.

Features - 

a. Boss Centered and Authoritarian

b. High Power Distance

c. Employees work hard when the leader is present.

d. New and inexperienced leaders tend to default to an autocratic style.

e. Complete Control on subordinates.

f. One way communication.

Example - In a factory ( because of uneducated workers ), Adolf Hitler also.

2. Democratic Style - It is also known as participative style. In this style, the leader allows to subordinates to participate in the decision making process. All policies and decisions are taken by such group discussions. There is decentralisation of authority and the communication flows freely and is multi-directional.

Features -

a. Take decisions after consultations.

b. Group Centered

c. Encourages participation of subordinates.

d. Provide freedom of thinking.

e. Seek inputs to make decisions.

Example - District Magistrate

3. Laissez- Faire Style ( Delegative Style) - It is also known as free rein of leadership. In this style, the leader gives full freedom to the subordinates in their functions. He allows them to set own goals and achieve them.

Features - 

a. Works best with highly educated and motivated followers.

Example- If you're running a hospital and you've hired all the best surgeons then you will not suggest any surgeons about the surgery.

Summary - 

        

                                  Ankesh Kumar Maurya

Commissionerate System of Police in India

Introduction - The Government shall establish, by notification, a police commissionerate system, for the following areas, namely:― (a) each metropolitan area, as notified by the Government under section 8 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973; (b) each major urban areas with a population of ten lakhs or more; and (c) such other areas as may be notified from time to time.

The Commissionerate can divide into appropriate number of police districts, which should be headed by an officer of the rank of Superintendent of Police, who shall be called as Deputy Commissioner of Police. One or more Additional Deputy Commissioners of Police may assist the Deputy Commissioner of Police, where necessary. The Districts can be further divided into smaller units called Police Sub-Divisions, which will be headed by the officers of the rank of Assistant Commissioner of Police. Each Sub-Division shall consist of appropriate number of police stations, and each of such police stations shall be under the charge of an officer of the rank of Inspector of Police.
Powers, Functions & Duties of the Officers -
 The Commissioner and other officers under him shall exercise such powers, perform such functions and duties and shall have such responsibilities and authority, as prescribed. However, these powers, functions and duties exercised or performed by the Commissioner of Police shall be subject to the overall control and direction of the Director General of Police. A Financial Advisor and one or more Legal Advisors shall be appointed to aid and assist the Commissioner of Police on financial and legal matters respectively
Magisterial Powers of the Police Commissioner -
Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be specified, the Commissioner of Police shall exercise the powers and duties of a District Magistrate under provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and such other Acts, as may be specified. Any officer, not below the rank of Assistant Commissioner of Police, can exercise the powers and duties of an Executive Magistrate under the provisions of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, as may be specified, under the overall control and supervision of the Commissioner of Police.
Powers and Functions of Commissioner of Police -
 The Commissioner of Police will be empowered to make rules and regulations in consistent with the respective Police Act and subject to the Government Order in respect of the following:
(a) For regulation the use of public roads, streets and public places by persons walking, driving, cycling, or accompanying animals, and for parking of vehicles including bicycles, with a view to ensuring smooth and orderly movement of traffic;
 b) Licensing, regulating, or if necessary in public interest, prohibiting for reasons to be recorded in writing, the keeping of a place of public amusement or public entertainment, or running cinemas and other forms of public amusement or public entertainment, for ensuring the safety and well-being of persons likely to be affected;
 (c) Licensing, or regulating or, if necessary in public interest, prohibiting the playing of music in public streets or public places, and using of loud speaker any other sound system in any public place, or places of public entertainment; and
 (d) Regulating the entry or exit at any place of public amusement, public entertainment, or at any public meeting or assembly, and providing for the maintenance of public peace and prevention of disturbance at such places.

* Differences between the dual system of control and the commissionerate system

Dual system

Commissionerate system (53 cities)

·   Dual command structure over the district police means that control and direction over the police vests with the SP (head of district police) and the District Magistrate (executive). ·   Separation of powers of the DM (e.g., issues arrest warrants and licenses) and the police (e.g., investigate crimes and make arrests).  Therefore, less concentration of power in the police, and accountability to DM at the district level. ·   SP is assisted by Additional/Assistant/ Deputy SPs, Inspectors and constabulary.

·   Unified command structure with the Commissioner of Police (rank of the Deputy Inspector General or above) as the sole head of the force within the city.  Allows for quicker responses to law and order situations. ·   Powers of policing and magistracy concentrated in Commissioner.  Directly accountable to state government and state police chief.  Lesser accountability to the local administration. ·   Commissioner is assisted by Special/ Joint/ Additional/ Deputy Commissioners, etc.  Inspector downwards rank structure is the same.

Pratītyasamutpāda (Sanskrit: प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद)(Pali: पटिच्चसमुप्पाद)

*Known as Dependent Origination.
*Doctrine of Central Teachings of Lord Buddha
*Pratitya+Samutpada = Pratityasamutpada
*Pratitya = Getting
*Samutpada = Arising
* It means the production of an effect out of a complement of cause and condition.
* Nothing is Spontaneous.
*Everything that happens in the mental or physical world is dependent on something.
*The existence of everything is conditional,dependent on some cause.
* ASMIN SATI , IDAM BHAVATI
* Depending on the cause , the effect arises
* Pratityasamutpada = Middle Path of Saswatvada(Principle of Eternity) and Uchedavada(Principle of Annihilation)
*A/Saswatavada- Somethings are eternal. They have no beggining or end. They are uncaused and do not depend on anything else.
*A/Uchedavad- Nothing remains after the destruction of things.
*The origin of a thing is owing to another.
*Nothing is Unconditional.
*The existence of everything depends on some condition.
* In 2nd Noble Truth ( Cause of Suffering or Dukkha Samudaya)
* Bhava is the cause of the life after death.
* 12 links in the chain of causation or casual wheel of dependent origination.
* 12 Sources( Dvadasa Nidana).
*The 12 links of Interdependent Origination are believed to be the Mechanism by which rebirth occur and the  cycle of Samsara is continued. It is through extinction of Ignorance through Prajna(Wisdom) that the 12 links of Interdependent Origination are extinguished.

CAUSE = EFFECT.

UPSC CSE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OPTIONAL

            

                                               PAPER-I 

                                              Administration Theory

 1. Introduction : Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration, Wilson’s vision of Public Administration, Evolution of the discipline and its present status. New Public Administration, Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance: concept and application; New Public Management.]

 2. Administrative Thought : Scientific Management and Scientific Management movement; Classical Theory; Weber’s bureaucratic model its critique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary Parker Follett); Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive (C.I. Barnard); Simon’s decision-making theory; Participative Management (R. Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor.)

 3. Administrative Behaviour : Process and techniques of decision-making; Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories content, process and contemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modem:

 4. Organisations : Theories systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Ministries and Departments, Corporations, Companies; Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc, and advisory bodies; Headquarters and Field relationships; Regulatory Authorities; Public-Private Partnerships. 

5. Accountability and Control : Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative, Executive and judicial control over administration; Citizen and Administration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary organizations; Civil society; Citizen’s Charters; Right to Information; Social audit.

 6. Administrative Law : Meaning, scope and significance; Dicey on Administrative law; Delegated legislation; Administrative Tribunals.

 7. Comparative Public Administration : Historical and sociological factors affecting administrative systems; Administration and politics in different countries; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology and administration; Riggsian models and their critique.

 8. Development Dynamics : Concept of development; Changing profile of development administration; ‘Anti-development thesis’; Bureaucracy and development; Strong state versus the market debate; Impact of liberalisation on administration in developing countries; Women and development the self-help group movement.

 9. Personnel Administration : Importance of human resource development; Recruitment, training, career advancement, position classification, discipline, performance appraisal, promotion, pray and service conditions; employer-employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct; Administrative ethics.

 10. Public Policy : Models of policy-making and their critique; Processes of conceptualisation, planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review and their limitations; State theories and public policy formulation. 

11. Techniques of Adminstrative Improvement : Organisation and methods, Work study and work management; e-governance and information technology; Management aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM.

 12. Financial Administration :Monetary and fiscal policies: Public borrowings and public debt Budgets types and forms; Budgetary process; Financial accountability; Accounts and audit.

                                                               PAPER-II

                                                       Indian Administration            

                                                                 

1. Evolution of Indian Administration : Kautilya Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy of British rule in politics and administration Indianization of Public services, revenue administration, district Administration, local self Government. 

 2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of Government : Salient features and value premises; Constitutionalism; Political culture; Bureaucracy and democracy; Bureaucracy and development.
 3. Public Sector Undertakings : Public sector in modern India; Forms of Public Sector Undertakings; Problems of autonomy, accountability and control; Impact of liberalization and privatization.
 4. Union Government and Administration : Executive, Parliament, Judiciary-structure, functions, work processes; Recent trends; Intra-governmental relations; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister’s Office; Central Secretariat; Ministries and Departments; Boards; Commissions; Attached offices; Field organizations.
 5. Plans and Priorities : Machinery of planning; Role, composition and functions of the Planning Commission and the National Development Council; ‘Indicative’ planning; Process of plan formulation at Union and State levels; Constitutional Amendments (1992) and decentralized planning for economic development and social justice.
 6. State Government and Administration : Union-State administrative, legislative and financial relations; Role of the Finance Commission; Governor; Chief Minister; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State Secretariat; Directorates.
 7. District Administration since Independence : Changing role of the Collector; Union-State-local relations; Imperatives of development management and law and order administration; District administration and democratic decentralization.
 8. Civil Services : Constitutional position; Structure, recruitment, training and capacity building; Good governance initiatives; Code of conduct and discipline; Staff associations; Political rights; Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil service neutrality; Civil service activism.
9. Financial Management : Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentary control of public expenditure; Role of finance ministry in monetary and fiscal area; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of Controller General of Accounts and Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
10. Administrative Reforms since Independence : Major concerns; Important Committees and Commissions; Reforms in financial management and human resource development; Problems of implementation.
 11. Rural Development : Institutions and agencies since Independence; Rural development programmes: foci and strategies; Decentralization and Panchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment.
12. Urban Local Government : Municipal governance: main features, structures, finance and problem areas; 74th Constitutional Amendment; Global-local debate; New localism; Development dynamics, politics and administration with special reference to city management.
 13. Law and Order Administration: British legacy; National Police Commission; Investigative agencies; Role of Central and State Agencies including para military forces in maintenance of law and order and countering insurgency and terrorism; Criminalisation of politics and administration; Police-public relations; Reforms in Police.
 14. Significant issues in Indian Administration: Values in public service; Regulatory Commissions; National Human Rights Commission; Problems of administration in coalition regimes; Citizen administration interface; Corruption and administration; Disaster management. 

ADMINISTRATIVE INSTITUTES IN INDIA

Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration

Department of Personnel & Training

Indian Institute of Public Administration

Assam Administrative Staff College

Anna Institute of Management (Chennai)

Bihar Institute of Public Admn. & Rural Development Development

Administrative Training Institute (Mizoram)

Administrative Training Institute (Nagaland, Kohima)

Administrative Training Institute (Mysore)

Administrative Training Institute (Shillong)

Gopabandhu Academy of Administration (Bhubaneswar)

Haryana Institute of Public Administration (Gurgaon)

Himachal Pradesh Institute of Public Administration (Shimla)

Institute of Management in Government (Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram)

Institute of Management, Public Administration & Rural Development.(Jammu and Kashmir)

Dr. MCR HRD Institute of Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad)

Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration (Chandigarh)

RCVP Noronha Academy of Administration & Management (Bhopal)

HCM Rajasthan State Institute of Public Administration (Jaipur)

State Institute of Public Administration and Rural Development (Tripura, Agartala)

Sri Krishna Institute of Public Administration (Ranchi)

Sardar Patel Institute of Public Administration (Ahmedabad)

Uttarakhand Academy of Administration (Nainital)

U P Academy of Administration and Management (Lucknow)

Union Territory Civil Services, Delhi

Yashwantrao Chavan Academy of Development Administration (Pune)

BHU BA (Hons.) AIHC & Archaeology Syllabus

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