INDO - GREEK Dynasty

                               INDO - GREEK

.Firstly, we will know that What is INDO - GREEK means ? 

then Answer is that which Greeks reigned in Indian Subcontinent that are called Indo-Greeks . 

. We know that the relation between Greek And India was from many last times . Some contemporary Kingdoms of India and Greeks are following - 

1. Achaemenid Empire = Haryanka Dynasty

2. Alexander's Empire  = Nanda Dynasty

3. Seleucid Empire        = Maurya Dynasty

4. Bactrian Greek          = Later Maurya Dynasty

5. Indo Greek                 = Sunga Dynasty 

Now , we will see the Indo-Greek dynasty . 

Background - After the death of Alexander , his whole empire was divided by his commanders who were Seleucus , Niarcus and Antigonas . Seleucus , who was a powerful man , elimminate the Niarcus and Antigonas , And captured whole empire of Alexander.

After the death of Seleucus , his son Antiochus ruled over that empire . He maintained all the empire as well as Seleucus. But when his son Antiochus II reigned then the situation began bad . Because Antiochus was a weak ruler and also busy in only entertainment . He never paid attention on his empire . So , there began revolts by the local men . There were 2 revolts to be noted , Ist was in Bactria leaded by Diodotus and 2nd was in Parthia leaded by Arshakes . Diodotus elimminated the Arshakes and captured also his kingdom Parthia. Now , the whole empire of Seleucus had been divided in 2 parts . First part included Bactria and Parthia , ruled by Diodotus and Second part included remained part e.g. Afghanistan , Syria , Iraq , Lebnan etc. , ruled by Antiochus II. Now , the time passed . Diodotus died and his son Diodotus reigned but he was unmature and killed a man named Euthdemus . So , now Euthedemus began to rule over Bactria and Parthia . And Antiochus III reigned after the death of Antiochus II . Now , Antiochus III was a aspirant to take avenge and recapture the Bactria and Parthia . So , he bounded surrounding of Bactria and Parthia . Then , After the 2 years of surrounding a compromise held between Euthedemus and Antiochus III . The deal resulted that Antiochus had married his daughter with Demetrius , son of Euthedemus . Now , there were no fears in together in the matter of invasion by each other . Therefore , Antiochus III went towarts east to spread his empire . He crossed Hindukush via Kabul and reached at border of India where he defeated Indian king Subhagasena and received 500 elphants gifted by Subhagsena . After that he returned to Syria . Now , Demetrius also decided to go towards east . He crossed Hindukush and won the Sindh and Punjab region of India till Indus . When he was busy in India then there was no ruler at the Bactria , so a revolt began in the leadership of Eucratides . Then Demetrius had to return but defeat and killed by Eucratides . Now, Eucratides began to rule in Bactrian Greek region . Now , Bactrian Greek region was from Bactria to Till Jhelum , where Eucratides was ruled . Now , time went to pass and a ruler of Euthedemus's dynasty arose named Minander . Minander started his victory journey from Jhelum and till Mathura . Some say that he had attacked on Pataliputra but defeated by Sunga king . So he had to retreat to Mathura . After the Menader many ruler had ruled like Hermius , Strato etc. The last ruler of Indo-Greek dynasty was Strato III . 

Thus , Let's See some revise -

1. Euthedemus - Till Hindukush

2. Demetrius    - Till Indus / Jhelum

3. Minander     - Till Mathura

*. Eucratides and their heirs - Bactria to Jhelum

*. Euthedemus and their heirs - Jhelum to Mathura.

Syadavada

                                      Syadavada

. It is Known as " Saptabhanginaya " or the seven forms of judgements.
. It expresses that knowledge on any object is relative and conditional in character .
. Syadavada = Dialectic of the seven steps.
. All the seven judgements of Syadavada together explain the complex nature of objects , known as  Anekantvada.
.Syadavada is derived from the word 'SYAT' . SYAT stands for " MAY Be " , "Perhaps" .
. This doctrine enunciates the synthetic view of reality.
. All these seven fold Judgements are emphasizing that our judgements on an object are relative in nature or character because they are based on our partial knowledge .
. Thus , instead of saying " The Grass is green ". We should say " Relatively speaking the grass is green. "
. 7 Fold Judgements -
i. Syat Asti ( Relatively a thing is real )
  e.g. - If it is said that Elephant is like a pillar , It would mean that elephant and pillars are like a special country , time and circumstances . There is No doubt in it .
ii. Syat Nasti ( Relatively a thing is unreal )
  e.g. - Elephant is not in this room .
iii. Syat asti ca nasti ( Relatively both real and unreal )
   e.g. - Elephant may or may not be similar to pillar.
iv. Syat Avaktavyam ( Relatively Indescribable )
   e.g. - Elephant may be as a pillar or as a rope or others.
v. Syat asti ca avaktavyam ( Relatively real & indescribable )
   e.g. - Elephant may be as rope but ambiguous .
vi. Syat nasti ca avaktavyam ( Relatively unreal and indescribable )
   e.g. - Elephant is not as a rope and we also don't know real.
vii. Syat asti ca nasti ca avaktavyam ( Relatively real ,unreal & indescribable )
   e.g. - Elephant may be or not as rope and we also don't know about real.

Syllabus of AIHC & Arch. of BA(Hons.) in BHU , Ist Semester

                                                                 AIHC&Arch.
                                    Political History of India From 600 BC to 750 AD

1. 600 BC to 300 AD

i. Political condition of India from 6th century BC to 4th century  BC
ii. Rise of Magadha Empire ( Haryanka to Nanda Empire )
iii. Achaemenion Invasion of India
iv. Alexander's Invasion of India
v. Maurya Dynasty - Origin , Chandragupta , Ashoka , Decline
vi. Sunga - Kanva
vii. Satavahana
viii. Cedi
ix. Greeks
x. Saka and Pahlava
xi. Kushana


2. 300 AD to 750 AD

i. Beginning of the Gupta Power
ii. Samudragupta
iii. Chandragupta II
iv. Kumar Gupta & Skandgupta
v. Vakataka Dynasty
vi. Vindhyashakti , Pravarsena I , Rudrasena I , Prithvisena I , Rudrasena II
vii . Later Guptas
viii. Maukharis
ix. Pushyabhuti Dynasty
x . Yasovarman
xi. Karkota Dynasty
xii . Political History of Sindh